Knowledge Center
Middleware's Knowledge Hub offers practical guides and insights to master observability, monitoring, and cloud infrastructure.
What Is Monitoring?
Learn what monitoring is, how it works, the different types of monitoring, what data it uses, and how monitoring differs from telemetry and observability.
What Are the Four Golden Signals?
Learn the four golden signals of monitoring: latency, traffic, errors, and saturation. See what each signal measures, why it matters, and how they work together.
What Is eBPF?
Learn what eBPF is, how it works inside the Linux kernel, its key use cases, and how eBPF supports observability, networking, security, and performance monitoring.
What Are MTTR, MTTD, and MTTA?
Learn what MTTR, MTTD, and MTTA mean, how to calculate these incident response metrics, and how they help teams detect, acknowledge, and recover from incidents faster.
What Are On-Call Best Practices?
Learn on-call best practices for alerting, rotations, escalation, observability, incident response, and reducing alert fatigue for SRE and DevOps teams.
Logs vs. Metrics vs. Traces: What’s the Difference?
Learn how metrics, traces, and logs differ, what each observability signal tells you, and how they work together to troubleshoot application issues.
SLA vs. SLO vs. SLI: What’s the Difference?
Learn the difference between SLA, SLO, and SLI, how they work together during incidents, and how teams use them to manage service reliability.
What Is Full-Stack Observability?
Learn what full-stack observability means, how it works, what parts of the technology stack it covers, and how it helps teams troubleshoot modern applications.
What Is Telemetry?
Learn what telemetry is, how telemetry data is collected and transmitted, its main types, examples, and how it supports monitoring and observability.
What Is a Trace ID?
Learn what a Trace ID is, how it connects requests across distributed systems, how it differs from a Span ID, and how OpenTelemetry propagates trace context.
What Is Context Propagation?
Learn what context propagation is, how it works in distributed systems, and how OpenTelemetry connects traces across microservices.
What Is W3C Trace Context?
Learn what W3C Trace Context is, how traceparent and tracestate headers work, and how it enables distributed tracing across microservices.
What Is a Service Map?
Learn what a service map is, how it visualizes microservice dependencies, and how it helps troubleshoot application performance and service failures.
What Is Continuous Profiling?
Learn what continuous profiling is, how it monitors CPU and memory usage, and how it helps identify code-level bottlenecks and improve application performance.
What Is Zipkin Tracing?
Learn what Zipkin tracing is, how its architecture works, and how it helps monitor microservices, identify latency issues, and troubleshoot distributed applications.
What Is New Relic Distributed Tracing?
Learn how New Relic distributed tracing works, its key features, sampling methods, and how it helps troubleshoot microservices and application performance issues.
What Is Datadog Distributed Tracing?
Learn how Datadog distributed tracing works, its key features, trace sampling, and how it helps troubleshoot microservices and application performance issues.
What Is CPU Steal Time?
Learn what CPU steal time is, why it occurs in virtual machines, how to check CPU steal on Linux, and what high steal time means for application performance.
What Is Memory Pressure?
Learn what memory pressure is, what causes it, how it affects Linux and Kubernetes workloads, and how to monitor and troubleshoot high memory pressure.
Kubernetes Requests vs Limits: What's the Difference?
Requests drive pod scheduling; limits cap CPU and memory at runtime. Learn how each fails, how to detect throttling and OOMKills, and how to set values.
What Is a Kubernetes Sidecar?
Learn what a Kubernetes sidecar is, how sidecar containers work, their benefits, use cases, and how they differ from init containers and DaemonSets.
What Is Digital Experience Monitoring (DEM)?
Digital experience monitoring shows whether users actually succeed in your app. Learn how synthetic tests, RUM, session replay, and tracing work together.
RUM vs Synthetic Monitoring: What's the Difference?
RUM measures real user experience; synthetic monitoring runs scripted tests on a schedule. Compare coverage, Core Web Vitals, alerting, and cost.
What Is AWS Lambda?
Learn what AWS Lambda is, how Lambda functions work, common use cases, triggers, concurrency, cold starts, pricing concepts, and when to use serverless functions.
AWS Lambda Limits
AWS Lambda limits explained. See current limits for timeout, memory, concurrency, payloads, deployment packages, storage, and execution, including which quotas can be increased.
AWS Lambda Concurrency
Learn how AWS Lambda concurrency works, how to calculate it, and the difference between reserved, provisioned, and unreserved concurrency.
AWS Lambda Cold Start
Learn what an AWS Lambda cold start is, what causes cold start latency, how to measure it, and when to use optimization, SnapStart, or provisioned concurrency.
What Is Serverless Monitoring?
Learn what serverless monitoring is, how it works, which metrics to track, common serverless monitoring challenges, and how observability helps troubleshoot functions.
What Is AWS Lambda Observability?
Learn what Lambda observability means, which metrics, logs, and traces matter, and how to troubleshoot serverless functions across distributed AWS applications.

